Which statement best differentiates plasmids from chromosomes in terms of structure, replication, and gene content?

Which statement best differentiates plasmids from chromosomes in terms of structure, replication, and gene content?

• A. Chromosomes are extrachromosomal DNA that replicates independently, and plasmids are linear molecules carrying essential housekeeping genes.
• B. Plasmids are linear DNA integrated into the chromosome and do not replicate independently.
• C. Plasmids are extrachromosomal, circular DNA that replicates independently, while chromosomes contain essential genes; plasmids may carry accessory genes and horizontal transfer capabilities.
• D. Chromosomes are nonessential DNA elements that cannot be transferred horizontally between cells.

Answer: (C)